W D E 2 1 7 0 - 0 0 0 3 E N T E R P R WESTERN DIGITAL Native| Translation ------+-----+-----+----- Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders | | | Capacity form/unform 2170/ MB Heads 4| | | Seek time / track 8.0/ 1.0 ms Sector/track | | | Controller SCSI3 SI/ULTR/FA Precompensation Cache/Buffer 512 KB ADAP./SEGMEN Landing Zone Data transfer rate 17.500 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512 MB/S ext Recording method PRML operating | non-operating -------------+-------------- Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 5 55 | -40 60 Power: sleep W Humidity % 10 95 | 5 95 standby W Altitude km -0.305 3.048| -0.305 12.192 idle 7.1 W Shock g 10 | 70 seek 9.6 W Rotation RPM 7200 read/write W Acoustic dBA spin-up 11.9 W ECC Bit 144,REED SOLOMON MTBF h 1000000 Warranty Month 60 Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates ********************************************************************** L A Y O U T ********************************************************************** WESTERN WDE2170/4360 50-PIN ENTERPRISE JUMPER SETTING +---------------------------------------------------------+ |+-+ |XX || | Option Block |XXPOWER || | | || | | || | | |+-+ |XX | |XX | |XX | 50-Pin Version |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX SCSI | |XX I/O | |XX +---------------------------------------------------------+ ********************************************************************** J U M P E R S ********************************************************************** WESTERN WDE2170/4360 INSTALLATION Jumper Setting ============== The drive is designed for use in a variety of systems. Therefore, several configuration options can be set using the option block on the front of the drive (end opposite the SCSI connector). In most cases you will not need to change the default settings for normal drive operation. However, some installations may require you to install or remove certain jumpers in order to meet system specifications. SCSI ID Numbers Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique SCSI ID number (0 to 7). SCSI ID Numbers --------------- Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique SCSI ID number (0 to 7 for 8-bit drives, 0 to 15 for 16-bit drives). Option block pin 1 through 8 are used to set the SCSI IDs. The host computer's SCSI controller typically uses ID number 7, and the other numbers are used for devices such as hard drives. The WD Enterprise has a default SCSI ID of 0. SCSI ID 8-bit ------------- +----------+-----------------------+ | SCSI ID | Jumpers | | | 5&6 | 3&4 | 1&2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ |x 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 1 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 2 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 3 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 4 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 5 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 6 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 7 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ SCSI ID - 16-bit ---------------- +----------+-------------------------------+ | SCSI ID | Jumper Location | | | PINS | | | 7-8 | 5-6 | 3-4 | 1-2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 1 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 2 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 3 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 4 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 5 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 6 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 7 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 8 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 9 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 10 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 11 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 12 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 13 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 14 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 15 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ SCAM ---- SCSI ID Numbers Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique SCSI ID number (0 to 7) The WD Enterprise drive supports the SCSI Configured Automatically (SCAM) option, which automatically assigns SCSI ID numbers and resolves ID conflicts upon bootup. If your SCSI controller and other SCSI devices support SCAM, you do not need to manually assign a SCSI ID to the hard drive. Option block pins 17 and 18 are dedicated to the SCAM feature. To enable SCAM, install a jumper as shown. To disable SCAM, no jumper is required. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Disable Auto Start ------------------ The WD Enterprise drive can be configured to Auto Start, or automatically spin up when power is applied to the drive. If the drive is configured to disable Auto Start, it powers up, but will not spin up until a start unit command is issued by an operator. Option block pins 13 and 14 are dedicated to the Auto Start option. To disable Auto Start, install a jumper as shown. To enable Auto Start, no jumper is required. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o | | o o o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Auto Start Delay ---------------- This feature delays the start-ip process to avoid an initial power surge when several drives are powered up at once. The delay time (default) is 4 seconds between drives, or the SCSI ID multiplied by 4 seconds. Let's say you have three hard drives in your system, and they are set to SCSI IDs 0, 1, and 2. The drive assigned as ID 0 will power up immediately; the drive assigned to ID 1 will power up in 4 seconds; and the drive assigned to ID 2 will power up in 8 seconds. NOTE: The 4 second delay time can be changed in the drive's mode parameter settings. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o | | o o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Option block pins 15 and 16 are dedicated to the Auto Start Delay option. (This option is valid only if the Disable Auto Start jumper is not installed.) To enable Auto Start Delay, install a jumper as shown. To disable Auto Start Delay, no jumper is required. Disable Unit Attention ---------------------- Whenever a target (WD Enterprise drive) has been reset by a power-on or reset sequence, it communicates a unit attention message to the initiator (host bus adapter). Option block pins 19 and 20 are dedicated to the Disable Unit Attention option. To disable unit attention, install a jumper as shown. To enable unit attention, no jumper is required. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Disable Target Initiated Synchronous/Wide Negotiation ----------------------------------------------------- During the power up sequence, the initiator (host bus adapter) and the target (WD Enterprise drive) negotiate and agree upon three items: bus width, bus speed, and synchronous/asynchronous data transfer. Either the initiator or the target can start the negotiation process, and once this process is completed successfully, all "data in" and "data out" phases will operate as determined during the handshake. The negotiation process is done only once, usually during start-up. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Option block pins 21 and 22 are dedicated to the Disable Target Initiated Synchronous/Wide Negotiation option. To disable target initiated synchronous/wide negotiation, install a jumper as shown. To enable target initiated synchronous/wide negotiation, no jumper is required. SCSI Termination ---------------- To ensure reliable communication, the SCSI bus must be properly terminated. Devices located at the physical ends of the SCSI bus should have their terminators enabled. All other devices must have their terminators disabled. Option block pins 23 and 24 are dedicated to the SCSI Termination option. To enable SCSI termination, install a jumper as shown. To disable SCSI termination, no jumper is required. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Termination Power (TERMPWR) --------------------------- WD Enterprise drives have the ability to supply +5V to the SCSI bus for termination. Option block pins 27 and 28 are dedicated to TERMPWR. If you want the drive to supply TERMPWR to the SCSI bus, install a jumper as shown. To disable TERMPWR, no jumper is required. NOTE: Termination power from the hard drive is required only if the host bus adapter does not supply it. However, both devices can provide termination power with no detrimental effects to the system. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o o o | | o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Spindle Synchronization ----------------------- If you are installing two or more WD Enterprise hard drives, you can synchronize their spindles to reduce the latency associated with switching from one drive to another. Spindle sync allows the host to synchronize the index pulses of the drives at a specified offset. This means that the same numbered sector passes under the read/write head at the same time across all drives. For more details regarding the sync offset, refer to the Western Digital SCSI Implementation Guide (document number 4096-0011116) and the WD Enterprise Technical Reference Manual (document number 4079-001045). NOTE: The spindle sync feature is intended for use with like WD Enterprise drives only. Option block pin 12 is dedicated to Spindle Sync, as shown. To enable spindle sync, pin 12 must be connected on all drives that are to be in sync. (Pin 11 is ground). +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o o o o * o o o o o | | o o o o o o o o o o o * o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ LED Support ----------- If your system configuration allows the use of an activity LED external to the WD Enterprise drive, you can power the LED from the drive. Pins 10 and 29 are dedicated to LED support, as shown. To install an external activity LED, connect the positive lead (anode) of the LED to pin 29 and the negative lead (cathode) to pin 10. +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o o o o o * o o o o | | o o * o o o o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ NOTE: These pins can be used to power an LED located on the front of the drive, or an external LED in systems where the front of the drive cannot be seen. Reserved Pins ------------- There are a number of pins on the option block that are reserved for development and manufacturing purposes: - Pins 25 and 26 - Pin 30 - Pins 31 and 32 - Pins 33 and 34 - Key slot (prevents incorrect installation of connector) +-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | x x x o x o o o o o o o o o o o o | | x x o o x o o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+ Mode Select Options ------------------- Certain configuration parameters can be altered by using the SCSI Mode Select command. Some examples include Read/Write Error Recovery Page, Format Device Page, and Caching Page. The Mode Select command allows drive characteristics to be customized to meet your system requirements. Refer to the Western Digital SCSI Implementation Guide (document number 4096-001116) for more information. Remote Option Block ------------------- WD Enterprise 68-pin drives are equipped with a remote option block that allows you to set SCSI IDs and enable select options such as termination, spindle synchronization, and LED power. Customers using the remote option block typically use a pre-fabricated cable for convenient connection to the host. Do not use jumpers on this option block. For more information, refer to the WD Enterprise Technical Reference Manual (document number 4079-001045). ********************************************************************** I N S T A L L ********************************************************************** WESTERN WDE2170/4360 ENTERPRISE INSTALLATION Notes On Installation ===================== MOUNTING RESTRICTIONS --------------------- The WD Enterprise drive is a precision mechanical assembly. Since improper mounting may distort the drive frame and impair its proper function, mounting the drive securely will ensure maximum performance. Western Digital provides technical support to those customers requiring assistance with mounting design. Some customers may wish to review their system mechanical design and system grounding architecture to optimize drive performance and ensure compliance with the various electromagnetic compatibility regulations in the markets being served. Ventilation ----------- The ambient temperature surrounding the drive must not exceed 131*F (55*C). The enclosure used to house the drive should supply sufficient airflow around the drive and printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) to maintain temperatures at or below the temperatures defined in the Reference section of this manual. Operation above this level may adversely affect the drive's performance. Orientation ----------- The drive features both bottom and side mounting holes. Mounting -------- Four 6-32 UNC screws are used to mount the drive. To avoid stripping the mounting-hole threads, the maximum torque applied to the screws should not exceed 6.0 in-lb. (0.675 N-m). Be aware of the following: - The drive features four mounting holes on either side of the drive and four mounting holes on the bottom. - The maximum allowable penetration of the screws is 0.150" (3.8 mm). This length allows full use of the mounting-hole threads, while avoiding damage or stress to the PCBA. SCSI CABLE LENGTH RESTRICTIONS ------------------------------ Single-ended SCSI drives allow cable lengths of up to 6 meters (19.68 feet). Users who plan to use "Fast" and "Ultra Fast" data transfers with single-ended models should follow all the ANSI SCSI guidelines for these operations. Differential SCSI drives allow cable lengths of up to 25 meters (82.02 feet). Cables must meet the requirements for differential cables as set forth in the ANSI SCSI standard. Drives equipped with a SCA-2 connector are not designed for direct cable attachment due to the combination of power and SCSI bus signals. The ANSI SCSI standard states that any stub from the main cable must not exceed 0.1 meters (.32 feet) for single-ended cables and 0.2 meters (.65 feet) for differential cables. +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | Bus Type |Properly |Single-ended|Differential | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | SCSI-1 |Max. bus length | 6m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | SCSI-2 |Max. bus length | 6m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | Fast SCSI2|Max. bus length | 3m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | Ultra SCSI|Max. bus length | 3m | 25m | | |point-to-point | | | | |Max. bus length | 6m | 25m | | |multi-drop | 15m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | All |Max. stub length | 0.1m | 0.2m | | |Min. stup specing| 0.3m | 0.3m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ CONNECTOR TYPES =============== 50-pin SCSI Connector --------------------- 50-pin models use a high density connector which is compatible with ANSI SCSI "A" style connector specifications. It can transfer data in 8-bit (narrow) mode only. 68-pin SCSI Connector --------------------- 68-pin models use a high density connector which is compatible with ANSI SCSI "P" style connector specifications. It can transfer data in 8-bit (narrow) and 16-bit (wide) modes. Both single-ended and differential SCSI versions are available. 80-pin SCSI Connector --------------------- 80-pin models use a Single Connector Attachment (SCA-2) connector which is designed for backplane connections. It can transfer data in 8-bit (narrow) and 16-bit (wide) modes. MULTIPLE DRIVE INSTALLATIONS ---------------------------- If your system requires multiple devices, you may install up to eight SCSI devices (including the host bus adapter) on an 8-bit SCSI bus; up to sixteen SCSI devices (including the host bus adapter) on a 16-bit SCSI bus, or up to 32 devices (including the host bus adapter) on a 16- bit SCSI bus with a dual processor host bus adapter. INSTALLING THE DRIVE -------------------- Because the Enterprise WDE2170 and WDE4360 drives are compatible with a wide range of computer systems and host bus adapters, this manual does not include system-specific information. If the information contained in the following sections does not adhere to your setup, refer to your computer system documentation for further details. POWER CONNECTORS AND CABLE -------------------------- 50-pin Power Connector: AMP 2-in-1 (or equivalent) Mating Connector: 1 by 4 PC power connector Power Cable: 18 AWG 68-pin Power Connector: Molex 3-in-1 combo (or equivalent) Mating Connector: 1 by 4 PC power connector Power Cable: 18 AWG 80-pin SCA-2 Connector ********************************************************************** F E A T U R E S ********************************************************************** WESTERN WDE2170/4360 ENTERPRISE INSTALLATION Introduction ------------ Please review this installation guide before you install your WD Enterprise hard drive. If you require assistance, contact our technical support staff at 1-888-WDC-SCSI. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ------------------- WD Enterprise hard drives are 3.5-inch, high-performance SCSI drives designed for use in workstation, server, multi-user, array, and audio/video applications. They feature outstanding performance, capacity, and reliability. These drives feature formatted capacities of 2.1 GB and 4.3 GB. They are compliant with SCSI-3 SPI, support Ultra Fast (50-pin) and Ultra Fast Wide (68-pin) host data transfer rates up to 40 MB/s, and offer an SCA-2 (80-pin) interface. The WD Enterprise drives offer an average read seek time of 8 ms and a media transfer rate of up to 140 Mbits/s. There are currently two models available in the WD Enterprise series: the WDE4360 and WDE2170. The "WDE" prefix represents the Western Digital Enterprise group of products and the four numeric digits denote the drive's capacity in megabytes. The model number listed on the product label may include additional customer-specific information. PRODUCT FEATURES ---------------- The WD Enterprise drive offers the following features: - Advanced Caching - Including Read and Write Caching, Pre-fetch, and Adaptive Caching - Command Queuing - Supports both tagged and untagged queuing; command reordering maximizes the drive performance by minimizing latency and seek time. - S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) - A hard drive firmware technology that performs drive failure prediction by monitoring selected parameters during normal drive operations. - SCAM (SCSI Configure Automatically) Level 2 Compliant - Eases user configuration of SCSI ID's and hot plugging on single and multiple drive systems. - Error Correction Code (ECC) - ECC on-the-fly is a feature that allows some ECC errors to be corrected in hardware with no delays to data transfer. - 512 KB Data Buffer - The entire data buffer is user accessible. A 1 MB option is also available. General Information - Handling Precautions ------------------------------------------ The WD Enterprise hard drive is designed to withstand normal handling during unpacking and installation. Care must be taken to avoid excessive mechanical shock or electrostatic discharge (ESD) that can permanently damage the drive and void the warranty. Be aware of the following precautions when unpacking and installing the WD Enterprise drive: - Do not unpack the hard drive until you are ready to install it. - Handle the drive by the sides only and avoid touching the circuit board components and connectors. - Do not attempt to remove the drive cover. Servicing components in the sealed compartment requires special cleanroom facilities. Failure to observe this restriction will void the warranty. - For additional handling information, refer to the Western Digital 3.5-inch Drive Handling Guide (document number SO999). BEFORE INSTALLING THE DRIVE --------------------------- NOTE: Record the hard drive's model number and serial number before you begin the installation. Be sure that you have the following items prior to installing the WD Enterprise drive: - Computer system manual - Operating system manual - Host bus adapter manual - Non-magnetic screwdriver You may also need: - Jumper shunts, if you change the drive configuration. Jumper shunt are available from your local computer dealer or from Western Digital technical support. - Interface cable (for 50-pin or 68-pin models) - A drive tray or mounting rails, depending upon system requirements - Additional power cable(s) Western Digital provides technical support to those customers requiring assistance with mounting design. Some customers may wish to review their system mechanical design and system grounding architecture to optimize drive performance and ensure compliance with the various electromagnetic compatibility regulations in the markets being served. Mode Select Options ------------------- Certain configuration parameters can be altered by using the SCSI Mode Select command. Some examples include Read/Write Error Recovery Page, Format Device Page, and Caching Page. The Mode Select command allows drive characteristics to be customized to meet your system requirements. Refer to the Western Digital SCSI Implementation Guide (document number 4096-001116) for more information. ********************************************************************** G E N E R A L ********************************************************************** WESTERN TIPS WESTERN DIGITAL 3.5-INCH DRIVES FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------- 1) Will a Caviar drive work in my system? If your computer is 100% AT compatible and has either a 40-pin AT IDE interface on the motherboard or an IDE controller card with a 40-pin data cable. 2) What are the master/slave jumper settings on Western Digital drives? All Western Digital drives are configured the same. On the back of the drive between the 4-pin power connector and the 40-pin data connector, there is a jumper block J8 consisting of 6 pins. Western Digital hard drives are shipped with a jumper shunt in the neutral storage position (across pins 5 and 3) for future dual drive use. - If you are installing the Western Digital hard drive as the only hard drive in your system, leave the jmper shunt in the neutral storage posiition. Jumper shunts are not required for single hard drive installations. - To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the master (C:), place a jumper shunt on pins 5-6 - To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the slave (D:), place a jumper shunt on pins 3-4. 3) What are the drive type and the drive parameters in the CMOS, for Western Digital drives? On top of the drive, the number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track are printed on the label. Precomp and L-zone should be set equal to the drive's cylinder count + 1. Select user type or custom type (typically type 41 or 42) for your drive. This will allow you to type in the parameters. Older systems that do not offer a user type can either upgrade the system BIOS or set the drive to drive type 1 (which should be a smaller drive size), and run Ontrack Disk Manager from A drive to get the full capacity of the drive. If you do not follow one of these procedures and your system is pre-1994, you will be limited to the largest size drive your BIOS will allow. 4) What is the Ontrack Disk Manager software that came with my drive and what does it do? Ontrack Disk Manager is the original hard disk installation package that will initialize, partition, and prepare your hard drive for use. Ontrack Disk Manager also allows you to access the full capacity of the drive even when your system BIOS can't. It is compatible with 32-bit disk access. Note: Ontrack Disk Manager must be installed from floppy drive A. If your A drive is a 5.25-inch floppy drive, copy the contents of your Ontrack Disk Manager disk to a formatted 5.25-inch disk and re-run Ontrack Disk Manager. 5) I just installed Ontrack Disk Manager on my Caviar drive and tried to install DOS. DOS attempted to write to my drive and it formatted my drive back to 528 MB which is my BIOS limitation. How do I install DOS and still get the full capacity of my drive? After Ontrack Disk Manager installation, you must create an Ontrack Disk Manager rescue disk. There are two ways of accomplishing this: OPTION 1: - Create a clean DOS bootable disk. - Copy 2 files from the Ontrack Disk Manager disk to your bootable disk: XBIOS.OVL, and DMDRVR.BINs Create a CONFIG.SYS file on this bootable disk with these 3 lines: DEVICE=DMDRVR.BIN FILES=35 BUFFERS=35 - Remove the floppy and reboot the system. - When you see the message "Press spacebar to boot from diskette", press the spacebar (system halts). - Insert the rescue disk in the A: drive. - Press any key (system resumes boot process). - At the A: prompt, remove rescue disk, insert DOS installation disk and type SETUP. - You can now install DOS without overwriting the Ontrack Disk Manager files. OPTION 2: - Create a clean DOS bootable disk. - Insert Ontrack Disk Manager disk in the A: drive. - At the A prompt, type: DMCFIG/D=A:. You will be prompted to insert a bootable floppy in the A: drive. - Follow the prompts on the screen. Ontrack Disk Manager will ask you to change disks a few times. - Continue until Ontrack Disk Manager is finished. - Remove the floppy and reboot the system. - When you see the message "Press spacebar to boot from diskette". Press the spacebar (system halts). - Insert the rescue disk in A drive. - Press any key (system resumes boot process). - At A prompt, remove rescue disk, insert DOS installation disk and type SETUP. - You can now install DOS without overwriting the Ontrack Disk Manager files. 6) CHKDSK or SCANDISK reports a few bad sectors. How do I go about fixing the problem. You can use the Western Digital defect management utility WDATIDE. One of its options is the comprehensive surface analysis. This procedure will mark all grown defects bad if indeed there are any and it will compensate for the lost capacity by utilizing spare tracks. Note: This utility is data destructive. Back up all data on the drive before using it. Due to the thoroughness of this operation, WDATIDE can take quite a bit a time depending on the capacity of your drive. 7) Do I have to do anything with my original drive when adding a new drive to my system? Yes, one hard drive must be designated as the master drive (preferably the newer, faster drive) and the other must be designated as the slave drive. Typically, most drives need to have a jumper placed on them to specify the Master or Slave position. For information on non-Caviar hard drives, please contact the appropriate manufacturer. 8) I installed my new drive and entered the drive parameters in the CMOS, but the drive will not boot or it displays the message "HDD controller failure." Your drive must be partitioned and formatted before it will be bootable. If your system will support drives larger than 528 MB, and you have a copy of MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 5.0 or greater, insert the setup diskette in your floppy drive and turn on your computer. Follow the prompts and DOS will partition and format the drive for you. If you do not have a copy of MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 5.0 or greater, you will need to boot from a bootable disk and then run the FDISK command to partition your drive, and then format the drive using the DOS FORMAT command. After running format, you should be able to reboot your computer from your hard drive. 9) How can I use the full capacity of my Caviar drive of 540 MB or greater? You can use Ontrack Disk Manager to obtain full capacity if your system does not support LBA mode. If your system does support LBA mode, you can enable LBA in your CMOS setup utility. 10) How can I get 32-Bit Disk Access in Windows on my Caviar AC2540, AC2700 or AC31000 in Windows 3.1x? If your BIOS supports the drive at full capacity (i.e., the BIOS supports Logical Block Addressing) you use WDCDRV.386, Western Digital's FastDisk device driver. This driver is contained in a file named WIN31.EXE available for downloading from our bulletin board (714/753-1234), our Web server (WWW.WDC.COM), our FTP site (FTP.WDC.COM), our forum on the Microsoft Network (Go word WDC), and our forum on America On-line (keyword WDC). If your BIOS does not support LBA mode and you have installed your drive using Ontrack Disk Manager (v6.03 and above), run DMCFIG to install WDCDRV.386 and obtain 32-Bit Disk Access. 11) My drive will not spin up or spins down after a few seconds. This is a drive failure. Return the drive to the distributor or contact a technical support representative to receive a Return Materials Authorization (RMA). 12) CMOS, FDISK and File Manager in Windows report less than the capacity of my new drive, but CHKDSK reports the right number of bytes. Which is correct? Setup (CMOS) and FDISK use a binary definition of a megabyte which is calculated at 1,048,256 bytes per megabyte. All hard drive manufacturers and the DOS CHKDSK utility use a decimal definition of a megabyte which is calculated at 1,000,000 bytes per megabyte. This is why some utilities show 515 MB for a 540 megabyte drive and some show the actual number. 13) How Can I install OS/2 for Windows, OS/2 3.0 WARP, Windows NT 3.5x or Windows 95 on my drive which was initially installed using Ontrack Disk Manager? If you have Ontrack Disk Manager version 6.03, 6.03a, or 6.03b, download the file named DMPATCH.EXE from Western Digital's online services: ftp site: ftp.wdc.com World Wide Web Site: http://www.wdc.com/ Microsoft Network (MSN) - Go word WDC America Online (AOL) - Keyword: Western Digital Western Digital's BBS at (714) 753-1234 This file has the latest Ontrack Disk Manager drivers which will allow you to install OS/2 version 2.1x, OS/2 WARP, Windows NT 3.5x or Windows 95 on your hard drive. Please read the included readme file with this file for further detail. 14) My drive will work as a slave but not as a master (or vice- versa). Check master/slave jumpers on all drives. Also, some drive's speed and timing differ drastically as to the initial spinup sequence. This might confuse the system and cause one of the drives not to be recognized. The best solution for this situation is to exchange drives (make the master a slave and vice-versa). 15) My drive will not partition when I run FDISK. It hangs the system or it displays the message: "Runtime error." This is usually caused by corruption or damage to track zero. Use the Western Digital utility WDFMT to format the drive. If that does not help, call Western Digital Technical support at 1-800-ASK-4-WDC to get further instructions. 16) Can a hard drive be mounted on it's side, edge, or upside down? Drives can be mounted on any side but it is preferable to mount the drive right side up. It is also important to use all four screws to hold the drive firmly in place. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) ---------------------------------------------------------------- S.M.A.R.T. enables a drive's internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level. The Caviar AC21600, AC32100 and AC32500 drives monitor read error rate, start/stop count, spin-up retry count, and drive calibration retry count. All of these attributes are updated and stored on the hard drive in the reserved area of the disk. The hard drive also stores a set of attribute thresholds that correspond to the calculated attribute values. Each attribute threshold indicates the point at which its corresponding attribute value achieves a negative reliability status. ==================================================================== QUESTION Which hard drive specification is most important to overall system performance ? - Host Transfer Rate - Drive RPM (revolutions per minute) - Disk Transfer Rate (Media Rate) - Seek Time - Cache Size - PC Data Handling - All of the above Answer The correct answer is actually a combination of "all of the above," keeping in mind most of the above specifications are interrelated when it comes to optimizing system performance. The pie chart illustrates the relative influence of factors affecting drive performance during a typical random I/O operation (reading and writing to a hard drive). The major determinate of hard drive performance is mechanical factors which are one hundred times slower than the high-speed electronics contained in a drive. Factors Affecting Hard Drive Performance (In their relative order of importance) MECHANICAL LATENCIES Mechanical Latencies include both Seek Time and Rotational Latency. The seek time is a measure (in milliseconds) of how fast the hard drive can move its read/write heads to a desired location. Rotational latency is a measure of the average time (also in milliseconds) the read/write heads must wait for the target sector on the disk to pass under them once the read/write heads are moved to the desired target track. Mechanical latencies are the main hindrance to higher performance in modern Enhanced IDE (EIDE) hard drives. The time delays of mechanical latencies are one hundred times higher than electronic (non-mechanical) latencies associated with the transferring of data. Therefore, reducing mechanical latencies (a lowering of seek time and rotational latency) should be the top consideration in improving hard drive performance. RPM This is the rotational speed of the media (disk), also referred to as the spindle speed. Hard drives only spin at one constant speed. Typical speeds are 3600 to 3880, 4500, and 5200 to 5400 revolutions per minute. The slower the RPM, the higher the Mechanical Latencies. Disk RPM is a critical component of hard drive performance because it directly impacts the rotational latency and the Disk Transfer Rate explained below. DISK TRANSFER RATE The Disk Transfer Rate (sometimes called media rate) is the speed at which data is transferred to and from the disk media (actual disk platter) and is a function of the recording frequency. Typical units are bits per second (BPS), or bytes per second. Modern hard disks have an increasing range of Disk Transfer Rates from the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the disk. This is called a "zoned" recording technique. The key media recording parameters relating to density per platter are Tracks Per Inch (TPI) and Bits Per Inch (BPI). A track is a circular ring around the disk. TPI is the number of these tracks that can fit in a given area (inch). BPI defines how many bits can be written onto one inch of a track on a disk surface. To greatly simplify, the Disk Transfer Rate (the rate at which data is read and written to the disk) is dependent upon the speed of the disk (RPM) and the density of the data on the disk (BPI). Even most modern, high-speed, 5000 RPM hard drives are generally limited to a maximum Disk Transfer Rate of approximately 9 to 10 MB per second. This specification is critical to performance and must be weighed carefully against such electronic latencies as Mode 3 PIO and Mode 4 PIO host transfer rates explained below. PC DATA HANDLING After the data moves down the IDE cable from the drive to the host interface, there are several factors that can affect drive performance over which the hard drive has no control. PC Data Handling is independent from the hard drive and very dependent upon the CPU type and speed, the BIOS overhead (how the system issues commands to the hard drive), speed and size of the system RAM and RAM cache, CPU-to-memory speed, and storage subsystem performance. PC Data Handling is also affected by the caching methods of such software applications as SMARTDRIVE, 32-bit disk access operating system drivers, etc. HOST TRANSFER RATE The speed at which the host computer can transfer data across the IDE or EIDE interface. Processor Input/Output (PIO) modes and Direct Memory Access (DMA) modes are defined in the ATA-2 industry specification as follows: Mode 3 PIO 11.1 MB/sec Mode 4 PIO 16.6 MB/sec Mode 1 DMA 13.3 MB/sec Mode 2 DMA 16.6 MB/sec Modern host computer systems usually support most of the above modes. Faster Host Transfer Rates in the future will use multi-word DMA modes as the industry will not support any future PIO mode standards beyond mode 4. The computer system manufacturer is responsible for implementing a Host Transfer Rate that is high enough to ensure that the host computer is not the performance bottleneck. Implementing increasingly higher Host Transfer Rates without corresponding increases in Disk Transfer Rates on the hard drive will not result in increased drive performance. Cache Buffer Size - Is Bigger Always Better ? A Cache Buffer is similar to a water glass. When you are writing to a hard drive, the host computer fills the glass and the disk media empties it. If you are reading data from a hard drive, the disk media fills the glass and the host computer empties it. The reason that a bigger cache buffer is not always better (or faster) is because the host computer (with Mode 4 PIO or Mode 2 DMA capabilities) can empty or fill the glass much faster than the hard drive can empty or fill it. When the host system can transfer data in or out of the cache buffer faster than the media rate, a larger buffer size becomes irrelevant because the host system is always "waiting" for the hard drive. Western Digital hard drives are designed with cache buffer sizes that are matched to the Disk Transfer Rate capabilities of the drive and the Host Transfer Rates of modern computer systems. All of our drives are benchmarked with various cache buffer sizes to verify that the most cost-effective and performance-effective cache size is implemented. Confusion Over Mode 4 and Mode 2 DMA The Enhanced IDE program created the long-range road map for performance enhancements which included faster disk and host transfers, Mode 3, Mode 4, Mode 2 DMA, etc. Currently, computer systems and hard drive controller silicon have most of the elements needed to implement Mode 4 PIO or Mode 2 DMA (a 16.6 MB/sec Host Transfer Rate). However, to take advantage of these performance modes, physical drive architecture must also make some performance improvements in the area of Mechanical Latencies and Disk Transfer Rate (media rate) as defined earlier. Some competitors, in their eagerness to supply a new feature, are prematurely marketing Mode 4 and Mode 2 DMA. While their drive controller silicon supports these modes (which is very easy and inexpensive to implement), spindle speeds (RPM), rotational latency, bit density, and other factors have not yet been improved (these being very difficult and costly). The result is hard drives which have the electronic capability to do Mode 4 and Mode 2 DMA transfer rates, but can't take advantage of these modes due to the slower Disk Transfer Rate of the drive. Western Digital will not be implementing Mode 4 or Mode 2 DMA on older drive products as the host systems into which these drives are designed are not electrically capable of these data transfers, nor are the Disk Transfer Rates on these drives beyond current Mode 3 capabilities. As next generation systems are introduced, they will be paired with next generation drives. Those drives will require and offer true Mode 4 / Mode 2 DMA capability from a total drive architecture standpoint. ===================================================================== AC2540/2635/2700/2850/21000/31000/31200/31600 Windows 95 Operating System Addendum ------------------------------------ The information in this addendum supersedes that supplied in Windows 95 section on pages 35 and 36 of this manual. Please refer to thos addendum for Windows 95 questions. Although Windows 95 is capable of recognizing the full capacity of hard drives larger than 528 MB in systems with a translating BIOS, some restrictions apply to systems without a translating BIOS. For Systems With a Translating BIOS ----------------------------------- Enter your CMOS setup and select a drive type that will recognize the full capacity of your drive. This is usually done by selecting the auto config drive tape. The boot partition can be set up to be as large as the full capacity of your hard drive. For Systems Without a Translating BIOS -------------------------------------- Enter your CMOS setup and select a user defined drive type. Enter these parameters: cylinders = 1024, heads = 16, sectors = 63. Your system's total disk space will be limited to a maximum of 528MB. If you want your system to utilize more than 528 MB of disk space, you must use Ontrack's Disk Manager software (or a similar third- party installation software). Installing Windows 95 on a Hard Drive with Ontrack Disk Manager Already Installed --------------------------------------------------------------- The Windows 95 installation program will analyze your computer system and install seamlessly with Ontrack Disk Manager. Computer Systems with Windows 95 Already Installed -------------------------------------------------- If you are installing a Western Digital hard drive and Ontrack Disk Manager on a computer system with Windows 95 already installed, you must install Ontrack Disk Manager as described here. Enter your CMOS setup and select a user defined drive type. Enter these parameters for drives with capacities over 528MB: Cylinders = 1024, Heads = 16, Sectors = 63. Save these changes and reboot your computer. 1. Select the Start icon from the Windows 95 main screen. DO NOT open an MS-DOS menu from Win 95 to install Ontrack Disk Manager. 2. Choose the Shut Down option. 3. Select Resatrt Computer in DOS mode. When your computer restarts, you should be at the DOS prompt. 4. Install Ontrack Disk Manager. Windows 95 will noe recognize the full capacity of your hard drive and run in 32-bit disk access mode for optimum performance.